PROCEDURE TEXT

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As the previous article explains about the genre of text, now let's have a look at the Procedure Text. This article presents the materials to enhance our knowledge about two kinds of procedure text, namely manual and recipe. 

Well, what is procedure text?

This video will provide you the information about procedure text. Check it out!

WHAT IS PROCEDURE TEXT?

1 MANUAL

Do you know how to use a smartphone, a washing machine, or how to cook yellow rice by using a rice cooker? You can find all of this information easily from a book or pamphlet. It is called Manual. It is a kind of Procedure Text that really familiar with us in our daily life. Nowadays, most manufacturers and developers make a non-printed manual for their products.

To improve your understanding about manual text, please watch this video!

2 RECIPE

What kind of activities that you usually do during self-isolation in this pandemic Covid-19? Do you like cooking? I think everyone loves cooking. What are you doing if you want to cook or try making some new food or dish but you do not know how to make it? Are you looking for the recipe? In procedure texts, the focus is on systemically explaining a sequence of actions or steps. There are some different procedure texts serving different purposes. The recipe is one of the common procedural texts. A recipe is a list of ingredients and a set of instructions that tell you how to cook something. A recipe is usually divided into ingredients and methods. Each stage plays a role in explaining what we need or what precisely we have to do next. 

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TEXT GENRE

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Now, we will elaborate on the text genre in English. Text genre is the types of texts that distinguish them from one another in terms of usability, structure until the language features that used in each text. FYI, guys, there are 13 genres of text in English. What are they??

TEXT GENRE IN ENGLISH

1. Descriptive Text

purpose:

to describe a particular person, place, or thing.

Generic Structure:

1. Identification 

2. Description 

The tense used in the descriptive text is the simple present tense

2. Recount Text

Purpose:

To tell the reader about events that have happened in the past

Generic Structure:

1. Orientation

2. Event 

3. Reorientation 

The tense used in the recount text is past tense

3. Narrative Text

Purpose:

To entertain or amuse the reader

Generic Structure:

1. Orientation

2. Complication 

3. Resolution 

4. Reorientation 

The tenses used in the narrative text are past tense. Narrative and recount text have similarities since they both tell events in the past and both use the past tense (simple past tense, simple past continuous tense, or past perfect tense. The difference is narrative text in the form of fictional stories such as fairy tales, legends, folklore, and myths, while recount text is usually in the form of a biography, or a story that is a personal experience.

Another thing that distinguishes between narrative and recount text is the structure of the text. In narrative text, it tells the conflict that occurred, while in recount text there is no conflict.

4. Report Text

Purpose:

To convey information to the reader about something as it is as a result of research.

Struktur:

1. General classification 

2. Description 

Report text uses the simple present tense in the text. Many people confuse descriptive text and report text because they both use tenses and have the same structure, but the purpose of these texts is different. Furthermore, the descriptive text explains something more specific, whereas the report text explains something more general. "My lovely dog", is an example of a descriptive text title. "Dogs" is an example of a report title. Even both of them will describe dogs, the first title will describe more specific about "someone's dog". 

5. News Item Text

Purpose:

Provide information to the reader about an event

Generic structure:

1. Newsworthy event 

2. Background event 

3. Sources 

6. Explanation Text

Purpose:

Explain to the reader about the process of occurrence of natural phenomena

Generic structure:

1. General statement 

2. Explanation 

3. Closing 

Explanation text uses simple present to explain the causes and effects in the certain phenomena

7. Analytical Exposition Text

Purpose:

To notify readers of important events/cases

Generic Structure:

1. Thesis 

2. Arguments 

3. Reiteration 

8. Hortatory Exposition Text

Purpose:

To persuade the reader how something can be done

Generic Structure:

1. Thesis 

2. Arguments 

3. Recommendation 

The difference between analytical and hortatory exposition text is that analytical text answers the question "How is or how will" while hortatory text answers the question "How should". For example, the question "How will you prepare for holiday" will be explained through analytical text. The question "How should you spend your holiday" will be explained through a hortatory exposition text.

9. Procedure Text

Purpose:

To inform the reader how to use, make, or do something in certain methods.

Generic structure:

1. Goal 

2. Materials/equipment/tool/ingredients

3. Step/method 

10. Discussion Text

Purpose:

Submitting information and opinions on issues that occur.

Generic structure :

1. Issue 

2. Arguments/ pros-cons) 

3. Conclusion 

11. Review Text

Purpose:

To provide criticism or evaluation of something to be conveyed to the reader

Generic structure:

1. Orientation 

2. Evaluation

3. Interpretative recount 

4. Evaluation

5. Evaluation summation

12. Anecdote Text

Purpose:

Telling the reader of a pleasant or unusual event

Generic structure:

1. Abstract 

2. Orientation 

3. Crisis 

4. Reaction 

5. Coda 

13. Spoof Text

Purpose:

Entertain readers with funny stories with unexpected endings

Generic structure:

1. Orientation

2. Event 

3. Twist 

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ARE THEY THE SAME? DESCRIPTIVE TEXT VS. REPORT TEXT

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As the previous article explains about the genre of text, now let's have a look at the two genres of text in English, namely Descriptive and Report text. Are they the same?

This article will explore English for Social Communication. We will learn about two kinds of text, there are descriptive and report text. Some text types are quite difficult to differ. Such a report and descriptive text have a similarity in the social function and generic structure. However, if they are analyzed carefully, the slight difference between the two text types will reveal. 

1. Descriptive text

Definition: A text that describes a particular person, place, or thing.

Purpose or social function: To give information about a particular entity by describing its features, history, and special characteristic.

Generic structure:

-Identification (Identifies phenomenon to be described)

-Description (Describes parts, qualities, or characteristics)

Language features: 

Focusing on a specific object 

 Generally using Present Tense 

 Using linking verbs and verbs to classify things and describe appearances, characteristics, parts, and functions 

 Frequently using pre-and post- modified noun phrases 

 Using adjectives and adverbs to add information to nouns and verbs in the provision of detailed information 

 Using adverbial phrases of manner, place, or time 

 Using words explaining characteristics features (size, shape, location, color, etc) 

 Using details to visualize the topic and Focusing on a specific object

Example: 

My Favorite Artist

Entis Sutisna aka Sule, who is the most famous and funniest comedian in Indonesia, is my favorite artist. He has brownish skin, and he has blonde hair which is always braided which makes him called “Sule” or Sunda Bule. As my favorite artist, he also has a special characteristic that differentiates him from other artists in Indonesia. For example, he has a lot of talents in all fields such as musician, singer, presenter, comedian, and so on which always shows on the stage and makes him a popular artist. Although he is a famous and millionaire person, he remains humble and not arrogant. In addition, he usually sings his song entitled Susis with a thick Sundanese language while dancing in his comedy show which is the trend of Indonesian society. Not only that, the style of his humor is very strong and unaffected able to make many people laugh at his action. To summarize, Sule, who is an artist with has a lot of talent, is a very unpretentious person.

2. Report text

Definition: Texts which concerned with general categories of things rather than events and happenings and with informing about technical and scientific topics. Because of this, they can seldom be interpreted and constructed without knowledge of the field and its associated language.

Purpose or social function: To present information about something generally.

Generic structure:

-Opening general statement/general classification

-Facts about various aspects of the subject 

Language features: 

 Use simple present tense 

 Use action verb 

 Use nouns or noun phrases 

 Use linking verb 

 Generalized participants are initially represented in simple noun groups 

 Relating verbs link an entity with its attributes 

 Timeless present tense (with the exception of a historical report) 

Example: 

Art

Art is a human-created work. Art can also be defined as something created by humans that contains elements of beauty. Art is, at its core, an expression of human creativity. Art can be a hobby, a form of entertainment, or a profession. There are three purposes for art: religious, commercial, and expression.

There are various types of arts, such as music, dance, and fine art. As well as theater art and many other things. Music, for example, is a form of art that can be enjoyed through the medium of audio. Martial arts, for example, can be enjoyed through the visual medium. Art can also be enjoyed through audiovisual mediums such as film. Art that is both beautiful and intriguing.

As additional information, We can conclude some differences between descriptive and report text that are shown in the table below. 

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